From Wikipedia:
"Black theology, or black liberation theology, refers to a theological perspective which originated among African-American seminarians and scholars, and in some black churches in the United States and later in other parts of the world. It contextualizes Christianity in an attempt to help those of African descent overcome oppression. It especially focuses on the injustices committed against African Americans and black South Africans during American segregation and apartheid, respectively. (continue reading here...)
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Another definition from The Oxford Handbook of African American Theology:
"As an academically informed enterprise, African American theology began in the late 1960s when African American scholars and progressive pastors sought to shape the religious nature and meaning of social transformation in the wake of the major successes of the civil rights movement. African American theology—which includes black theology and womanist theology—arose as a theological and religious response to injustice. It revolved around epistemologies, ontologies, and other ideas that were meant to speak theologically to the lived experience of African Americans."
Howard Washington Thurman, 1899-1981 (brief bio from Wikipedia)
Books and Journal articles on Thurman linked to Luther Sem Library
Martin Luther King, Jr., 1929- 1968
brief bio from Wikipedia; Recent Books on MLK: see above
journal articles on MLK linked to Luther Sem Library
Websites:
Online journals available from Luther Seminary: Black Theology (full-text available except for current year)
Databases: Black Freedom Struggle in the US (a ProQuest database)